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Congress, fearing the growth of too large a welfare state, repeatedly blocked government spending on such a program. There was, however, never to be a federal building campaign for sheltering the American public. In turn, the American Institute of Architects seized the opportunity to increase its stature at the national level. The Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) and its later incarnation, the Office of Civil Defense (OCD), needed architects to transpose their ideology onto real buildings and landscapes. Among these citizens, American architects found their services sought after by civil defense administrators who focused on the built environment as it pertained to human survival. Civil defense concerned the home front, where average citizens were expected to do their part in preparing for enemy attack. government sought to make civil defense-planning for life after nuclear war-a national movement. This study spans the 1950s and 1960s, when the U.S. Monteyne posits that this alliance transformed architects and architecture by foregrounding issues of security in building design and urban planning. The author focuses on the collaboration between civil defense bureaucrats and commercial architects in the years when nuclear technology spawned an arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union. In Fallout Shelter: Designing for Civil Defense in the Cold War, David Monteyne traces the roots of contemporary fortress urbanism-"the militarization of everyday built environments due to overriding concerns for security, whether national, corporate, or personal"-to the civil defense campaign of the Atomic Age (xix). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2011.ģ76 pages, 129 black-and-white photos, 11 color plates. Fallout Shelter: Designing for Civil Defense in the Cold War